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After scientists confirmed that mosquitoes can transmit yellow fever and other diseases, mosquito control emerged as an important public health measure. Discover how Americans have managed mosquitoes at home and abroad through this selection of items from the NLM collection.

Four photographic portraits of white men

Members of the US Army’s Yellow Fever Commission clockwise from top left: Walter Reed, Aristides Agramonte, James Carroll, and Jesse W. Lazear, undated

Courtesy National Library of Medicine

When the United States occupied Cuba after the Spanish-American War (1898), yellow fever control became a pressing concern. Physicians with the US Army’s Yellow Fever Commission, organized in 1900, confirmed that the Aedes aegypti mosquito spreads the disease.