National Library of Medicine

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After scientists confirmed that mosquitoes can transmit yellow fever and other diseases, mosquito control emerged as an important public health measure. Discover how Americans have managed mosquitoes at home and abroad through this selection of items from the NLM collection.

The title page of a book with the image of three sick people in a room

History of the Yellow Fever in New Orleans, During the Summer of 1853, 1854

Courtesy National Library of Medicine

The scene on the front of this pamphlet illustrates the horror of yellow fever: an entire family lies dead or dying in a single room. Although yellow fever killed far fewer people than many other diseases in the 19th century, imagery and stories like this one instilled a unique kind of fear in the popular imagination.