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After scientists confirmed that mosquitoes can transmit yellow fever and other diseases, mosquito control emerged as an important public health measure. Discover how Americans have managed mosquitoes at home and abroad through this selection of items from the NLM collection.

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Report of the Committee, Appointed by the Medical Society, of the State of New-York, to Enquire into the Symptoms, Origin, Cause, and Prevention of the Pestilential Disease, that Prevailed in New-York during the Summer and Autumn of the Year 1798, 1799

Courtesy National Library of Medicine

Doctors in the 19th century used each outbreak of yellow fever as an opportunity to refine their ideas about the disease’s causes. In 1799, members of New York’s Medical Society concluded that impure air or “pestilential effluvia” caused the disease.