National Library of Medicine

Digital Gallery

Discover...

After scientists confirmed that mosquitoes can transmit yellow fever and other diseases, mosquito control emerged as an important public health measure. Discover how Americans have managed mosquitoes at home and abroad through this selection of items from the NLM collection.

An old map

“Sanitary Map of the City of New Orleans” in The Cause and Prevention of Yellow Fever at New Orleans and Other Cities in America, 1857

Courtesy National Library of Medicine

Mapping outbreaks of yellow fever provided doctors and urban reformers with information they needed to guide their efforts at urban sanitation. For 19th century experts who subscribed to the theory that impure air caused yellow fever, improving drainage, removing trash, and cleaning streets promised to reduce the disease.