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After scientists confirmed that mosquitoes can transmit yellow fever and other diseases, mosquito control emerged as an important public health measure. Discover how Americans have managed mosquitoes at home and abroad through this selection of items from the NLM collection.

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“Yellow Fever and the National Board of Health,” 1880

Courtesy National Library of Medicine

As health officials and politicians in the South coordinated their response to yellow fever, they also debated the involvement of the federal government. Some people worried that the National Board of Health, established in 1879 to assist the states and manage national quarantine policy, would threaten local control.