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After scientists confirmed that mosquitoes can transmit yellow fever and other diseases, mosquito control emerged as an important public health measure. Discover how Americans have managed mosquitoes at home and abroad through this selection of items from the NLM collection.

A photograph of a white man looking at a body of water at a construction site

Dr. William C. Gorgas surveying progress on Panama Canal construction, ca. 1904–1914

Courtesy National Library of Medicine

William Gorgas, a military physician and chief sanitation officer during construction of the Panama Canal (1904–1914), was a strong advocate of mosquito control as the most effective way to prevent yellow fever.