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In the 19th and 20th centuries, reformers in the United States and Europe built asylums in response to a range of social issues including disability - mental health, and alcoholism. These documents and images from the NLM Digital Collections bring to life the day to day experiences of people at these sites: the conditions of the asylums and the limits on liberty that many people in them experienced.

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Am I a lunatic?, or, Dr. Henry T. Helmbold's exposure of his personal experience in the lunatic asylums of Europe and America, Henry T. Hembold, 1877

Courtesy National Library of Medicine

Henry Hembold was a successful retail druggist who was confined to asylums in the United States and France during the 1870s. In this book, he described the different treatments he received while a patient at various institutions, offering an interesting transnational perspective.